Compute Concentration

The concentration of 80-90% of global frontier AI compute among 5-6 US-headquartered companies creates structural risks including jurisdictional monopoly under US law (CLOUD Act, FISA 702), systemic cybersecurity vulnerability where a single supply-chain flaw can affect all providers, military-commercial dual use tensions as the same infrastructure serves Pentagon and global commercial customers, oligopolistic coordination conditions matching historical cartel environments, and self-reinforcing concentration dynamics with loop gains of 1.2-2.0. Distinct from the broader concentration-of-power risk because physical compute infrastructure is expensive, slow to build, geographically fixed, and legally jurisdictional in ways software and data are not.