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On the Extinction Risk from Artificial Intelligence

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Credibility Rating

4/5
High(4)

High quality. Established institution or organization with editorial oversight and accountability.

Rating inherited from publication venue: RAND Corporation

A RAND Corporation report examining AI-driven extinction risk through scenario analysis of nuclear weapons, pathogens, and geoengineering, concluding extinction is challenging but not impossible, and providing risk indicators and mitigation recommendations.

Metadata

Importance: 68/100organizational reportanalysis

Summary

RAND researchers conducted a scenario-based analysis of AI's potential to cause human extinction via nuclear weapons, pathogens, and geoengineering. They found extinction threats would be immensely challenging to realize but could not be ruled out, and that such threats would likely unfold slowly enough to allow human response. The report identifies risk indicators and recommends broader AI risk study, resilience-building, and a research agenda to reduce uncertainties.

Key Points

  • AI-driven extinction risk was evaluated across three technology domains: nuclear weapons, pathogens, and geoengineering.
  • Researchers found it would be immensely challenging for AI to create an extinction-level threat, though the possibility cannot be ruled out.
  • Extinction threats would likely develop slowly, giving humans time to detect and respond before irreversible harm occurs.
  • The report identifies specific risk indicators for each scenario and recommends building human resilience and studying AI risks more broadly.
  • A research agenda is proposed to reduce uncertainties and improve understanding of AI-related extinction risk.

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RR-A3034-1

 

 
 

 

 

In this report, RAND researchers examine the threat of human extinction posed by artificial intelligence (AI). Using a scenario-based analysis to evaluate three technologies — nuclear weapons, pathogens, and geoengineering — they found that it would be immensely challenging for AI to create an extinction threat, although they could not rule out the possibility. They identify risk indicators and make recommendations to mitigate future risk.

 

 

 

On the Extinction Risk from Artificial Intelligence

Michael J. D. Vermeer, Emily Lathrop, Alvin Moon

 ResearchPublished May 6, 2025

 

 
 
 

 

 
 

 
 

 

 

 

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The capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) have accelerated to the point at which some experts are advocating that it be taken seriously as a credible threat to human existence. In this report, RAND researchers examined and seriously considered the threat of human extinction posed by artificial int

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