AI winter

AI winter - Wikipedia Jump to content From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Period of reduced funding and interest in AI research Part of a series on Artificial intelligence (AI) Major goals Artificial general intelligence Intelligent agent Recursive self-improvement Planning Computer vision General game playing Knowledge representation Natural language processing Robotics AI safety Approaches Machine learning Symbolic Deep learning Bayesian networks Evolutionary algorithms Hybrid intelligent systems Systems integration Open-source AI data centers Applications Bioinformatics Deepfake Earth sciences Finance Generative AI Art Audio Music Government Healthcare Mental health Industry Software development Translation Military Physics Projects Philosophy AI alignment Artificial consciousness The bitter lesson Chinese room Friendly AI Ethics Existential risk Turing test Uncanny valley Human–AI interaction History Timeline Progress AI winter AI boom AI bubble Controversies Deepfake pornography Taylor Swift deepfake pornography controversy Grok sexual deepfake scandal Google Gemini image generation controversy Pause Giant AI Experiments Removal of Sam Altman from OpenAI Statement on AI Risk Tay (chatbot) Théâtre D'opéra Spatial Voiceverse NFT plagiarism scandal Glossary Glossary v t e In the history of artificial intelligence (AI), an AI winter is a period of reduced funding and interest in AI research. [ 1 ] The field has experienced several hype cycles , followed by disappointment and criticism, followed by funding cuts, followed by renewed interest years or even decades later. The term first appeared in 1984 as the topic of a public debate at the annual meeting of AAAI (then called the "American Association of Artificial Intelligence"). [ 2 ] Roger Schank and Marvin Minsky —two leading AI researchers who experienced the "winter" of the 1970s—warned the business community that enthusiasm for AI had spiraled out of control in the 1980s and that disappointment would certainly follow. They described a chain reaction, similar to a " nuclear winter ", that would begin with pessimism in the AI community, followed by pessimism in the press, followed by a severe cutback in funding, followed by the end of serious research. [ 2 ] Three years later the billion-dollar AI industry began to collapse. There were two major "winters" approximately 1974–1980 and 1987–2000, [ 3 ] and several smaller episodes, including the following: 1966: failure of machine translation 1969: criticism of perceptrons (early, single-layer artificial neural networks ) 1971–75: DARPA 's frustration with the Speech Understanding Research program at Carnegie Mellon University 1973: large decrease in AI research in the United Kingdom in response to the Lighthill report 1973–74: DARPA's cutbacks to academic AI research in general 1987: collapse of the LISP machine market 1988: cancellation of new spending on AI by the Strategic Computing Initiative 1990s: many exp

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