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Technical specification
webRelevant to AI safety discussions around synthetic media, deepfakes, and content authentication; C2PA provides the technical backbone for provenance-based approaches to verifying AI-generated content in deployment contexts.
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Importance: 52/100standardreference
Summary
The C2PA (Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity) Technical Specification v2.0 defines an open standard for embedding cryptographically verifiable provenance metadata into digital media, enabling verification of content origin, authorship, and modification history. It establishes a framework for 'Content Credentials' that can identify whether content was AI-generated or human-created. This standard is a key technical infrastructure for combating deepfakes, misinformation, and AI-generated synthetic media.
Key Points
- •Defines a cryptographic manifest format for attaching tamper-evident provenance data to images, video, audio, and documents
- •Supports disclosure of AI involvement in content creation, including generative AI tools used in production
- •Enables chain-of-custody tracking so any modification history can be verified back to original capture or creation
- •Provides a trust model based on X.509 certificates and credential issuers for authenticating content creators
- •Backed by major industry players (Adobe, Microsoft, Google, etc.) as a cross-platform interoperability standard
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|---|---|---|
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Content Credentials : C2PA Technical Specification :: C2PA Specifications
C2PA Specifications
2.0
C2PA Specifications
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.4
1.3
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Content Credentials : C2PA Technical Specification
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1. Overview
1.2. Scope
1.3. Technical Overview
1.4. Establishing Trust
1.5. An Example
1.6. Design Goals
2. Glossary
2.1. Introductory terms
2.2. Assets and Content
2.3. Core Aspects of C2PA
2.4. Additional Terms
2.5. Overview
3. Normative References
3.1. Core Formats
3.2. Schemas
3.3. Digital & Electronic Signatures
3.4. Embeddable Formats
3.5. Other
4. Standard Terms
5. Version History
6. Assertions
6.1. General
6.2. Labels
6.3. Versioning
6.4. Multiple Instances
6.5. Assertion Store
6.6. Embedded vs Externally-Stored Data
6.7. Redaction of Assertions
7. Data Boxes
7.1. Schema and Example
8. Unique Identifiers
8.1. Using XMP values
8.2. Other Identifiers
8.3. URI References
9. Binding to Content
9.1. Overview
9.2. Hard Bindings
9.3. Soft Bindings
10. Claims
10.1. Overview
10.2. Syntax
10.3. Creating a Claim
10.4. Multiple Step Processing
11. Manifests
11.1. Use of JUMBF
11.2. Types of Manifests
11.3. Embedding manifests into various file formats
11.4. External Manifests
11.5. Embedding a Reference to an external Manifest
12. Entity Diagram
13. Cryptography
13.1. Hashing
13.2. Digital Signatures
14. Trust Model
14.1. Overview
14.2. Identity of Signers
14.3. Statements by a Validator
14.4. Trust Lists
14.5. C2PA Valid Manifests
14.6. X.509 Certificates
15. Validation
15.1. Status Codes
15.2. Locating the Active Manifest
15.3. Locating the Claim
15.4. Validate the Signature
15.5. Validate the Time-Stamp
15.6. Validate the Credential Revocation Information
15.7. Validate the Assertions
15.8. Recursively Validating Integrity of Ingredients
15.9. Visual look of Validation
15.10. Validate the Asset’s Content
16. User Experience
16.1. Approach
16.2. Principles
16.3. Disclosure Levels
16.4. Public Review, Feedback and Evolution
17. Information security
17.1. Threats and Security Considerations
17.2. Harms, Misuse, and Abuse
18. C2PA Standard Assertions
18.1. Introduction
18.2. Regions of Interest
18.3. Metadata About Assertions
18.4. Standard C2PA Assertion Summary
18.5. Data Hash
18.6. BMFF-Based Hash
18.7. General Boxes Hash
18.8. Collection Data Hash
18.9. Soft Binding
18.10. Cloud Data
18.11. Thumbnail
18.12. Actions
18.13. Ingredient
18.
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