Hardware-Enabled Governance

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  "title": "Hardware-Enabled Governance",
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  "lastUpdated": "2026-01-29",
  "dateCreated": "2026-02-15",
  "summary": "RAND analysis identifies attestation-based licensing as most feasible hardware-enabled governance mechanism with 5-10 year timeline, while 100,000+ export-controlled GPUs were smuggled to China in 2024 demonstrating urgent enforcement gaps. Location verification prototyped on H100 chips offers medium-high technical feasibility but raises significant privacy/abuse risks; appropriate only for narrow use cases like export control verification and large training run detection.",
  "description": "Technical mechanisms built into AI chips enabling monitoring, access control, and enforcement of AI governance policies.",
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      "text": "RAND estimates",
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      "text": "Hardware-enabled mechanisms are already widely used",
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      "text": "robust anti-tamper techniques",
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No external links