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Citizen Lab - Digital Rights Research

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citizenlab.ca·citizenlab.ca/

Citizen Lab is a leading empirical research institution documenting how governments and private actors deploy digital tools against civil society; relevant to AI governance, misuse risks, and deployment accountability discussions.

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Summary

The Citizen Lab is an interdisciplinary research lab investigating digital threats to democracy, human rights, and global security, including state-sponsored surveillance, spyware misuse, and AI-enabled influence operations. Their work documents cases of forensic tools like Cellebrite being misused against civil society actors and exposes disinformation campaigns by state and private actors. It serves as a primary source for empirical research on digital repression worldwide.

Key Points

  • Investigates misuse of commercial surveillance tools (e.g., Cellebrite, Pegasus) against journalists, activists, and political figures globally.
  • Documents AI-enabled influence operations, including a case attributed to Israeli government entities targeting Iranian audiences.
  • Provides forensic evidence-based reporting connecting specific technologies to specific human rights violations.
  • Research spans targeted surveillance, disinformation, and internet censorship with a civil society protection focus.
  • Serves as a key counterintelligence resource for NGOs and civil society organizations facing state-level digital threats.

Cited by 1 page

PageTypeQuality
AI Authoritarian ToolsRisk91.0

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 Focus Areas

 
 
 
 App Security & Privacy 
 

 
 
 Artificial Intelligence 
 

 
 
 Censorship 
 

 
 
 Digital Transnational Repression 
 

 
 
 Disinformation 
 

 
 
 Law & Policy 
 

 
 
 Mass Surveillance 
 

 
 
 Targeted Surveillance 
 

 
 

 
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 Counterintelligence for civil society

 
 Investigating novel threats to democracy, human rights, and global security in the digital ecosystem.

 

 
 
 
 
 
 Uncovering Webloc 

 An Analysis of Penlink’s Ad-based Geolocation Surveillance Tech 

 
 Mass Surveillance Targeted Surveillance 
 Location data collected from mobile apps and digital advertising can reveal habits, interests and almost any other aspect of someone’s life. In this report, we uncover how a geolocation surveillance system called Webloc uses ad-based data to monitor hundreds of millions of people across the globe.

 April 9, 2026

 
 

 
 
 
 
 From Protest to Peril 

 Cellebrite Used Against Jordanian Civil Society 

 
 Targeted Surveillance 
 Through a multi-year investigation, we find that the Jordanian security apparatus has deployed forensic extraction products manufactured by Cellebrite against civil society devices. We release these findings alongside reporting from the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) which includes interviews with a few of the victims.

 January 22, 2026

 
 

 
 
 
 
 Not Safe for Politics 

 Cellebrite Used on Kenyan Activist and Politician Boniface Mwangi 

 
 Targeted Surveillance 
 Following the widely-condemned arrest in July 2025 of prominent Kenyan opposition voice Boniface Mwangi, the Citizen Lab analyzed artefacts from devices seized during the arrest. We found that Cellebrite’s forensic extraction tools were used on his Samsung phone while it was in police custody. This case adds to the concerning pattern of the misuse of Cellebrite technology by government clients.

 February 17, 2026

 
 

 
 
 

 

 

 
 
 
 Counterintelligence for civil society

 
 Investigating novel threats to democracy, human rights, and global security in the digital ecosystem.

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 Counterintelligence for civil society

 
 Investigating novel threats to democracy, human rights, and global security in the digital ecosystem.

 

 
 
 
 
 Uncovering Webloc

 An Analysis of Penlink’s Ad-based Geolocation Surveillance Tech

 
 Mass Surveillance Targeted Surveillance 
 Location data collected from mobile apps and digital advertising can reveal habits, interests and almost any other aspect of someone’s life. In this report, we uncover how a geolocation 

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Resource ID: 6177c1e309e74c64 | Stable ID: sid_c9L1ucwCwl