SB 53: California SB 53
enactedStateCalifornia's Transparency in Frontier Artificial Intelligence Act (TFAIA), the first U.S. state law regulating frontier AI models. Requires large developers (>$500M revenue, models >10^26 FLOPs) to publish annual safety frameworks, report critical safety incidents within 15 days (24 hours for imminent danger), and protects whistleblowers. Also creates CalCompute, a public computing cluster for AI research. Signed September 29, 2025 by Governor Newsom after he vetoed the more ambitious SB 1047 a year earlier. Effective January 1, 2026. Civil penalties up to $1M per violation, enforced by the California Attorney General.
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Quick Facts
- Bill Number
- SB 53
- Jurisdiction
- California
- Author / Sponsor
- Senator Scott Wiener
- Introduced
- 2025
- Status
- enacted
- Scope
- State